Following the sale of the Kashmir region by the British to the Hindu Rajput rulers in 1846, the Dogra dynasty (1846–1947) established its rule over the Muslim population of Kashmir, creating difficult conditions for them. The primary aim of this research is to explain the social conditions of the Shia community in Kashmir during this historical period. The main research question is: What were the social circumstances of the Shia Muslims in Kashmir under the rule of the Hindu Dogra dynasty? In answer to this question, using a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on historical sources such as contemporary documents, records of the British East India Company, reports from the British Viceroy's court, government officials, and foreign travelers’ accounts, it becomes evident that the Shia, as a religious minority, faced widespread and systematic social discrimination by the Dogra rulers. Despite governmental oppression and repression, the shīʿa community made continuous efforts to preserve and revive their religious culture and rituals, resisting divisive efforts aimed at creating discord between shīʿa and Sunni Muslims. In addition to preserving their distinct identity, the shīʿa community practically achieved unity with the Sunnis and played an active role in the Kashmir liberation movement, significantly contributing to the weakening of the Dogra rule on the eve of India's independence.