After the caliphate of Imam Ali (AS), Muʿāwiya, by utilizing political tools and exploiting existing disagreements, sought to incite the people of Sham (Syria) against Imam Ali (AS) under the pretext of the murder of ʿUthmān. Shuraḥbīl ibn Simṭ al-Kindi, the governor of Ḥimṣ, played a significant role in instigating the people. The main research question is: What are the factors that influenced Shuraḥbīl to join the ranks of Imam Ali's (AS) opponents, and what was his role in the events in Sham (Syria)? This research, using primary historical sources and a descriptive-analytical method, shows that Muʿāwiya convinced Shuraḥbīl to join the opposition against Imam Ali (AS) by exploiting personal conflicts between Shuraḥbīl and Jarir ibn Abdullah Bajali, the ambassador of Imam Ali (AS) in Sham, as well as through false testimony implicating Imam Ali (AS) in ʿUthmān's murder. Shuraḥbīl played a decisive role in the revolt of the people of Sham (Syria) against Imam Ali (AS) by promoting the belief that Imam Ali (AS) was the main culprit behind ʿUthmān's murder. The findings of the article also indicate that political and propaganda tools significantly influence the shaping of historical events.
