The Umayyad and Abbasid came to power and ruled at different times and under different conditions. Despite this, their political systems have many similarities. This article seeks to answer the question of why, despite these differences, the Umayyad and Abbasid have many similarities in terms of authority and political performance? This is important as it shows how the source of authority of two seemingly different caliphates can influence their political process and performance. The research method used is comparative using the theoretical framework of systemic analysis and threefold authority. The findings of the research show that the origin of the authority of the Umayyad and Abbasid governments was mainly due to the four common factors of traditional authority, which are: the traditional authority of Quraysh aristocracy and tribal supremacy, the use of personality cult, the divine nature of the government, and the emphasis on the status of the Caliph of God (Khalifat Allah).