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Life and Times of Taj Mah Āfāq al-Dowlah, the First Iranian Female Translator in Constitutional-Era Guilan
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Hassan Hoseini Nikoo   |
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Abstract: (170 Views) |
During the Constitutional period up to the end of the First Pahlavi era, Guilan was one of the pioneering regions in Iran in the emergence of women’s social activism. This study, using a historical–analytical approach and based on family documents, newspapers, and library sources, examines the life and works of Taj Mah Āfāq al-Dowlah, the first Iranian female translator. Āfāq al-Dowlah, originally from Zanjan and the daughter-in-law of the Sardar Amjad family of Karganrud, was the first woman to translate a work from a foreign language into Persian and publish it under her own name. After the downfall of the Sardar Amjad family, she settled in Chamar-Sara, Rasht, and was active in the cultural and political life of post-Constitutional Guilan. The findings indicate that Guilan’s cultural ties with the Caucasus, the expansion of modern education, and the presence of educated women provided the foundation for the emergence of the first women’s civic activities. The study of Āfāq al-Dowlah’s life offers a clear picture of the role of Guilan’s intellectual women in the transition from tradition to modernity.
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| Keywords: Taj Mah Āfāq al-Dowlah, Women’s Movement in the Constitutional Era, Talesh Women, Intellectual Women of the Qajar Period, Women of Guilan |
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Full-Text [PDF 570 kb]
(69 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/08/9 | Accepted: 2024/11/5
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