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:: Volume 1, Issue 57 (spring 2025) ::
islamhistory 2025, 1(57): 1-4 Back to browse issues page
Strategies of Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān in Confrontation with the Imams (A.S.) and the Consolidation of the Umayyad Caliphate
Maryam Saeedyan Jazi *
Abstract:   (4219 Views)
The analysis of the strategies adopted by Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān in his confrontation with the Imams (A.S.) and in consolidating the Umayyad Caliphate constitutes one of the fundamental issues in the political history of Islam, as this process reveals the historical transition of political legitimacy from a model grounded in divine designation (naṣṣ) to a consultative caliphal structure and ultimately to hereditary monarchy. The central problem of this study is to explain the mechanisms of power and the methods employed to weaken the authority of the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.) while reinforcing Umayyad rule. This research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach and employs a library-based documentary method to examine historical data. The findings indicate that Muʿāwiya’s strategy possessed a coherent and composite nature organized around five principal dimensions: discursive, social, political, propagandistic, and military. His utilization of religious concepts such as divine decree (qaḍāʾ wa qadar), emphasis on avenging the blood of ʿUthmān, reliance on the tribal capacities of Syria, demonstration of administrative efficiency, and management of political rivalry with the Banū Hāshim constituted his most significant instruments of power. Muʿāwiya’s policy for restructuring political authority was based on shifting governance from a paradigm rooted in divine designation and succession (waṣāya) toward a model grounded in consultation, nomination of successors (istikhlāf), and ultimately domination and hereditary monarchy. This historical transformation is reflected in Islamic historiographical texts through structural dualities such as naṣṣ and consultation, divine succession and caliphate, allegiance (bayʿa) and communal consensus, ʿAlī and ʿUthmān, Iraq and Syria, and war and peace. The cumulative outcome of these strategies was the reconstruction of political legitimacy and the gradual consolidation of Umayyad monarchical rule.
 
Keywords: Imams (A.S.), Caliphate, Syria, ʿUthmān, Muʿāwiya.
Full-Text [PDF 1092 kb]   (167 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2024/12/17 | Accepted: 2025/02/7
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Saeedyan Jazi M. Strategies of Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān in Confrontation with the Imams (A.S.) and the Consolidation of the Umayyad Caliphate. islamhistory 2025; 1 (57) :1-4
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Volume 1, Issue 57 (spring 2025) Back to browse issues page
پژوهش نامه تاریخ اسلام (فصلنامه انجمن ایرانی تاریخ اسلام) Quartely Research Journal of Islamic History
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